Natural resources is an academic concept and interdisciplinary research field focused on the materials and energy sources available in the natural environment that are utilized by human societies. This concept investigates the identification, extraction, utilization, management, and conservation of these naturally occurring assets, which are characterized by their origin independent of human creation and vary in renewability and abundance. The significance of studying natural resources lies in understanding their critical role in economic development, human well-being, environmental sustainability, and geopolitical dynamics.